One-party and two-party consent states for recording calls
We plan for all-party consent in 13 states and one-party consent in the other 37 states and DC.
- Alabama, AL: one-party consent
- Alaska, AK: one-party consent
- Arizona, AZ: one-party consent
- Arkansas, AR: one-party consent
- California, CA: all-party consent
- Colorado, CO: one-party consent
- Connecticut, CT: contested, planned as all-party
- Delaware, DE: contested, planned as all-party
- District of Columbia, DC: one-party consent
- Florida, FL: all-party consent
- Georgia, GA: one-party consent
- Hawaii, HI: one-party consent
- Idaho, ID: one-party consent
- Illinois, IL: all-party consent
- Indiana, IN: one-party consent
- Iowa, IA: one-party consent
- Kansas, KS: one-party consent
- Kentucky, KY: one-party consent
- Louisiana, LA: one-party consent
- Maine, ME: one-party consent
- Maryland, MD: all-party consent
- Massachusetts, MA: all-party consent
- Michigan, MI: contested, planned as all-party
- Minnesota, MN: one-party consent
- Mississippi, MS: one-party consent
- Missouri, MO: one-party consent
- Montana, MT: all-party consent
- Nebraska, NE: one-party consent
- Nevada, NV: all-party consent
- New Hampshire, NH: all-party consent
- New Jersey, NJ: one-party consent
- New Mexico, NM: one-party consent
- New York, NY: one-party consent
- North Carolina, NC: one-party consent
- North Dakota, ND: one-party consent
- Ohio, OH: one-party consent
- Oklahoma, OK: one-party consent
- Oregon, OR: one-party consent
- Pennsylvania, PA: all-party consent
- Rhode Island, RI: one-party consent
- South Carolina, SC: one-party consent
- South Dakota, SD: one-party consent
- Tennessee, TN: one-party consent
- Texas, TX: one-party consent
- Utah, UT: one-party consent
- Vermont, VT: one-party consent
- Virginia, VA: one-party consent
- Washington, WA: all-party consent
- West Virginia, WV: one-party consent
- Wisconsin, WI: one-party consent
- Wyoming, WY: one-party consent
General information, not legal advice. Laws change and we can get things wrong, so check with a lawyer before relying on any of this. Citations checked October 2026. Spotted an error? Tell us.
All-party consent in 13 states
In these states the agent announces recording before the caller says anything. Each one links to its statute's text, court rulings and outbound rules.
Recording rules in the 50 states and DC
Federal law, 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(d), allows recording with one party's consent. Each state can ask for more. Every state links to its own page with the statute's text, penalties, court rulings and outbound rules.
| State | Recording rule | Statute | Time zone |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Ala. Code §§ 13A-11-30, 13A-11-31 | Time zone: Central |
| Alaska | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Alaska Stat. § 42.20.310 | Time zone: Alaska (the western Aleutian Islands use Hawaii-Aleutian time) |
| Arizona | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 13-3005, 13-3012 | Time zone: Mountain, with no daylight saving time (the Navajo Nation observes it) |
| Arkansas | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Ark. Code Ann. § 5-60-120 | Time zone: Central |
| California | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: Cal. Penal Code §§ 632, 632.7 | Time zone: Pacific |
| Colorado | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 18-9-303, 18-9-304 | Time zone: Mountain |
| Connecticut | Rule: All-party consent (contested) | Statute: Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-570d | Time zone: Eastern |
| Delaware | Rule: All-party consent (contested) | Statute: Del. Code tit. 11, §§ 1335, 2402 | Time zone: Eastern |
| District of Columbia | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: D.C. Code § 23-542 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Florida | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: Fla. Stat. § 934.03 | Time zone: Eastern, with the western Panhandle on Central |
| Georgia | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Ga. Code Ann. § 16-11-66 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Hawaii | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 803-42, 711-1111 | Time zone: Hawaii-Aleutian, with no daylight saving time |
| Idaho | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Idaho Code § 18-6702 | Time zone: Mountain, with the northern panhandle on Pacific |
| Illinois | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: 720 ILCS 5/14-2 | Time zone: Central |
| Indiana | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Ind. Code art. 35-33.5 | Time zone: Eastern, with the northwest and southwest corners on Central |
| Iowa | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Iowa Code §§ 808B.2, 727.8 | Time zone: Central |
| Kansas | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Kan. Stat. Ann. § 21-6101 | Time zone: Central, with four western counties on Mountain |
| Kentucky | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 526.020 | Time zone: Eastern in the east, Central in the west |
| Louisiana | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 15:1303 | Time zone: Central |
| Maine | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 15, § 710 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Maryland | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 10-402 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Massachusetts | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 272, § 99 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Michigan | Rule: All-party consent (contested) | Statute: Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.539c | Time zone: Eastern, with four Upper Peninsula counties on Central |
| Minnesota | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Minn. Stat. § 626A.02 | Time zone: Central |
| Mississippi | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Miss. Code Ann. § 41-29-531 | Time zone: Central |
| Missouri | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Mo. Rev. Stat. § 542.402 | Time zone: Central |
| Montana | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: Mont. Code Ann. § 45-8-213 | Time zone: Mountain |
| Nebraska | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Neb. Rev. Stat. § 86-290 | Time zone: Central, with the panhandle and several southwestern counties on Mountain |
| Nevada | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: Nev. Rev. Stat. § 200.620 | Time zone: Pacific, with West Wendover on Mountain |
| New Hampshire | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 570-A:2 | Time zone: Eastern |
| New Jersey | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:156A-4 | Time zone: Eastern |
| New Mexico | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-12-1 | Time zone: Mountain |
| New York | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: N.Y. Penal Law §§ 250.00, 250.05 | Time zone: Eastern |
| North Carolina | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-287 | Time zone: Eastern |
| North Dakota | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-15-02 | Time zone: Central, with the southwest on Mountain |
| Ohio | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Ohio Rev. Code § 2933.52 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Oklahoma | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Okla. Stat. tit. 13, § 176.4 | Time zone: Central |
| Oregon | Rule: One-party consentPhone calls need one party's consent. In-person conversations need everyone to be told they are being recorded. | Statute: Or. Rev. Stat. § 165.540 | Time zone: Pacific, with most of Malheur County on Mountain |
| Pennsylvania | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. §§ 5703, 5704 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Rhode Island | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-35-21 | Time zone: Eastern |
| South Carolina | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: S.C. Code Ann. § 17-30-30 | Time zone: Eastern |
| South Dakota | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: S.D. Codified Laws § 23A-35A-20 | Time zone: Central, with the west on Mountain |
| Tennessee | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-601 | Time zone: Eastern in the east, Central in the middle and west |
| Texas | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Tex. Penal Code § 16.02 | Time zone: Central, with El Paso and Hudspeth counties on Mountain |
| Utah | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Utah Code Ann. § 77-23a-4 | Time zone: Mountain |
| Vermont | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(d) (no state statute) | Time zone: Eastern |
| Virginia | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-62 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Washington | Rule: All-party consent | Statute: Wash. Rev. Code § 9.73.030 | Time zone: Pacific |
| West Virginia | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: W. Va. Code § 62-1D-3 | Time zone: Eastern |
| Wisconsin | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Wis. Stat. § 968.31 | Time zone: Central |
| Wyoming | Rule: One-party consent | Statute: Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 7-3-702 | Time zone: Mountain |
Using an AI agent to answer your line
Callers bring their own state's rule onto the call, so a business that takes calls from more than one state usually announces recording on every call. The agent says it in its first sentence.
“Thanks for calling. This is an AI assistant, and this call is recorded. How can I help?”
A Cartesia voice agent answers your business line, says this on every call, then takes messages or transfers the caller to your team.
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HIPAA compliant
SOC 2 Type 2
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Call recording laws by state FAQs
Which states require all-party consent to record a call?
We plan for all-party consent in 13 states: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Washington. Nevada's Supreme Court read its statute as all-party for phone calls. Connecticut, Delaware and Michigan have authority pointing both ways, so we plan for the stricter rule there. General information, not legal advice.
Does an AI agent that answers calls need to say it is recording?
In an all-party state, plan on yes and announce it at the start of the call. In a one-party state the business's own consent is generally enough, but a caller in an all-party state can bring that state's rule into the call, so many businesses announce recording everywhere. General information, not legal advice.
How much does a Cartesia agent cost to answer calls?
Managed Agents cost $0.03/min, plus telephony and LLM usage. See pricing.
How does a Cartesia agent answer a business's calls?
It is a Managed Agent on your phone line: it answers every call, takes messages and hands callers to a person when they need one.
Put an agent on your line
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